1. Christopher S. Davis – Designed to Evolve – Discovering God through Modern Science – Paperback: 262 pages - Publisher: Motif Press (May 7, 2015) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0692429875 - ISBN-13: 978-0692429877

 2. Pierre St. Claire – Stephen Hawking On Trial: Confronting The Big Bang - Publisher: Open Mind Publishers - Publication Date: December 13, 2015 

 3. Perry Marshall – Evolution 2.0: Breaking the Deadlock Between Darwin and Design - Publisher: BenBella Books (September 1, 2015) Language: English ISBN-10: 1940363802 ISBN-13: 978-1940363806

 4. Dwight K. Nelson - Creation and Evolution - Publisher: Pacific Press Publishing Association - Publication Date: January 26, 2015 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

 5. Jay Seegert - Creation & Evolution: Compatible or in Conflict? - Paperback: 300 pages - Publisher: Master Books (September 26, 2014) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0890518440 - ISBN-13: 9780890518441

 6. Nancy Pearcey - Finding Truth: 5 Principles for Unmasking Atheism, Secularism, and Other God Substitutes - Hardcover: 384 pages - Publisher: David C. Cook (March 1, 2015) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0781413087 - ISBN-13: 978-0781413084

 7. Paul Copan and William Lane Craig – editors - Contending with Christianity’s Critics: Answering New Atheists and Other Objectors - Paperback: 304 pages - Publisher: B&H Academic (August 1, 2009) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0805449361 - ISBN-13: 9780805449365

 8. Holman Bible Editorial Staff - If God Made the Universe, Who Made God?: 130 Arguments for Christian Faith - Paperback: 224 pages - Publisher: Holman Reference (February 1, 2012) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0805495800 - ISBN-13: 978-0805495805

 9. Armin Navabi (Author) – Nicki Hise (Editor) - Why There Is No God: Simple Responses to 20 Common Arguments for the Existence of God - Paperback: 128 pages - Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (October 6, 2014) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 150277528X - ISBN-13: 978-1502775283

10. Steve Ebling (Author) – Julia Bristow (Editor) - Holy Bible - Best God Damned Version - Genesis: For atheists, agnostics, and fans of religious stupidity (Volume 1) - Paperback: 170 pages - Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 1 edition (March 14, 2015) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1508880522 - ISBN-13: 978-1508880523

11. Robert G. Ingersoll - About the Holy Bible - Paperback: 66 pages - Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (December 29, 2012) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1481867679 - ISBN-13: 978-1481867672

12. Bertrand Russell - Why I Am Not a Christian - Paperback: 266 pages - Publisher: Touchstone (October 30, 1967) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0671203231 - ISBN-13: 978-0671203238

13. Casper Rigsby - Where’s Your God Now? - Paperback: 78 pages - Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (July 12 2015) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1515055078 - ISBN13: 978-1515055075

14. David Madison - Ten Tough Problems in Christian Thought and Belief: A Minister-Turned-Atheist Shows Why You Should Ditch the Faith - Paperback: 366 pages - Publisher: Tellectual Press (Aug. 7 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 194289712X - ISBN-13: 9781942897125

15. John W. Loftus (Editor) - Christianity in the Light of Science: Critically Examining the World’s Largest Religion - Paperback: 380 pages - Publisher: Prometheus Books (July 26 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1633881733 - ISBN-13: 978-1633881730

16. Dan Barker (Author) – Richard Dawkins (Foreword) - God: The Most Unpleasant Character in All Fiction Hardcover - Hardcover: 320 pages - Publisher: Sterling (Feb. 2 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1454918322 - ISBN-13: 978-1454918325

17. Peter Boghossian (Author), Michael Shermer (Foreword) - A Manual for Creating Atheists - Paperback: 280 pages - Publisher:

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Pitchstone Publishing (Nov. 1 2013) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1939578094 - ISBN-13: 978-1939578099

19. Jerry A. Coyne - Why Evolution Is True - Paperback: 304 pages -Publisher: Penguin Books; Reprint edition (Jan. 26 2010) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0143116649 - ISBN-13: 9780143116646

20. Victor J. Stenger (Author) – Christopher Hitchens (Foreword) - God: The Failed Hypothesis: How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist - Paperback: 302 pages - Publisher: Prometheus Books; Reprint edition (April 30 2008) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1591026520 - ISBN-13: 978-1591026525

21. Christopher Hitchens - The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever - Paperback: 528 pages - Publisher: Da Capo Press; 1 edition (Nov. 6 2007) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 9780306816086 - ISBN-13: 978-0306816086

22. Seth Andrews - Deconverted: A Journey from Religion to Reason - Paperback: 196 pages - Publisher: Outskirts Press (Dec 4 2012) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1478716568 - ISBN-13: 9781478716563

23. Bill Nye (Author), Corey S. Powel (Editor) - Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation - Paperback: 352 pages - Publisher: St. Martin’s Griffin; Reprint edition (September 8, 2015) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1250074223 - ISBN-13: 9781250074225 

24. Bill Nye - Unstoppable: Harnessing Science to Change the World - Paperback: 368 pages - Publisher: St. Martin’s Griffin; Reprint edition (October 18, 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1250109442 - ISBN-13: 978-1250109446

25. Richard Dawkins - The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution - Paperback: 496 pages - Publisher: Free Press; Reprint edition (August 24, 2010) - Language: English - ISBN10: 1416594795 - ISBN-13: 978-1416594796

26. Richard Dawkins - The Magic of Reality: How We Know What’s Really True - Paperback: 272 pages - Publisher: Free Press; Reprint edition (September 11, 2012) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1451675046 - ISBN-13: 978-1451675047

27. Richard Dawkins - The Selfish Gene: 40th Anniversary Edition (Oxford Landmark Science) - Paperback: 544 pages - Publisher: Oxford University Press; 4 edition (August 1, 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0198788606 - ISBN-13: 9780198788607

28. David Buss - Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind - Paperback: 496 pages - Publisher: Psychology Press; 5 edition (November 20, 2014) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0205992129 - ISBN-13: 978-0205992126

29. Richard Dawkins - The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene (Oxford Landmark Science) - Paperback: 468 pages - Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; Reprint edition (November 1, 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0198788916 - ISBN-13: 9780198788911

30. Alex Rosenberg - The Atheist’s Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life without Illusions - Paperback: 368 pages - Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company; 1 edition (December 10, 2012) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 9780393344110 - ISBN-13: 978 -0393344110

31. Ian G. Barbour - When Science Meets Religion: Enemies, Strangers, or Partners? - Paperback: 205 pages - Publisher: HarperOne (May 16, 2000) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 006060381X - ISBN-13: 978-0060603816

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 32. Jerry A. Coyne - Faith Versus Fact: Why Science and Religion Are Incompatible - Paperback: 336 pages - Publisher: Penguin Books; Reprint edition (May 17, 2016) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0143108263 - ISBN-13: 978-0143108269

33. Robert W. Fuller - Religion and Science: A Beautiful Friendship? - Paperback: 126 pages - Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (September 6, 2012) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1479229024 - ISBN-13: 978-1479229024

34. Daniel C. Dennett - Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon - Paperback: 464 pages - Publisher: Penguin Books; Reprint edition (February 6, 2007) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0143038338 - ISBN-13: 978-0143038337

35. Michael Augross - Who Designed the Designer?: A Rediscovered Path to God’s Existence - Paperback: 250 pages - Publisher: Ignatius Press (May 4, 2015) - Language: English - ISBN10: 1586179691 - ISBN-13: 978-1586179694

36. Ian G. Barbour - Religion and Science (Gifford Lectures Series) - Series: Gifford Lectures Series (Book 1) - Paperback: 384 pages - Publisher: HarperOne; Rev Sub edition (August 2, 1997) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0060609389 - ISBN-13: 9780060609382 

37. Steve Paulson - Atoms and Eden: Conversations on Religion and Science - Paperback: 320 pages - Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (November 2, 2010) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0199743169 - ISBN-13: 978-0199743162

38. William James - The Varieties Of Religious Experience: A Study In Human Nature - Paperback: 284 pages - Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 9, 2009) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 1439297274 - ISBN-13: 9781439297278

39. Carl Gustav Jung - Psychology and Religion (The Terry Lectures Series) - Series: The Terry Lectures Series - Paperback: 138 pages - Publisher: Yale University Press; Reprint edition (September 10, 1960) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0300001371 - ISBN-13: 978-0300001372

40. Alvin Plantinga - Where the Conflict Really Lies: Science, Religion, and Naturalism - Hardcover: 376 pages - Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (December 9, 2011) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0199812098 - ISBN-13: 978-0199812097

41. Alvin Plantinga - Knowledge and Christian Belief - Paperback: 144 pages - Publisher: Eerdmans (April 13, 2015) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0802872042 - ISBN-13: 978-0802872043

42. Nicholas Wolterstorff - Reason within the Bounds of Religion (PBK) - Series: PBK - Paperback: 161 pages - Publisher: Eerdmans; 2 edition (June 1, 1988) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0802816045 - ISBN-13: 978-0802816047

43. Raymond D. Bradley - God’s Gravediggers: Why no Deity Exists - Publisher: Ockham Publishing - Publication Date: February 12, 2016 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

44. J.D. Brucker (Author) – Joey Lee Kirkman (Foreword) - Reason Over Faith: Antitheism & the Case Against Religion - Publisher: Atheist Republic - Publication Date: May 10, 2015 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

45. J.D. Brucker - Improbable: Issues with the God Hypothesis - Publication Date: November 4, 2014 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

46. I.M. Probulos - Damnation by Probability: 75 Billion in Hell and Counting - Publisher: I. M. Probulos - Publication Date: July 23, 2014 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

47. John Espinoza - The Biblical God Doesn’t Exist – Argument & Evidence - Publication Date: September 20, 2013 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

48. Casper Rigsby - The Bible in a Nutshell - Publisher: Atheist Republic - Publication Date: December 19, 2014 - Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC - Language: English

49. Sam Harris - The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason - Paperback: 348 pages - Publisher: W. W. Norton; Reprint edition (September 17, 2005) - Language: English - ISBN-10: 0393327655 - ISBN-13: 978-0393327656

50. T. Desmond Alexander – From Paradise to the Promised Land – third edition – published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group - P.O. Box. 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 495166287 – ISBN: 978-0-810-3998-0 (pbk.) 

51. Gordon J. Wenham - Word Biblical Commentary, Vol. 1: Genesis 1-15 Hardcover – October 9, 1987 – Copyright 1994 by Word, Incorporated – ISBN 0-8499-0201-0 (vol. 2) AACR2

52. Victor P. Hamilton - The Book of Genesis (New International Commentary on the Old Testament Series) 1-17 Hardcover – October 31, 1990 – William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 08028-2521-4 

53. Waltke, Bruce K – Genesis: a commentary / Bruce K. Waltke with Cathi J. Fredricks – Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49530 – ISBN: 0-310-22458-6

54. Mathews, K. A. – Genesis 1-11 / Kenneth A. Mathews – Broadman & Holman Publishers – ISBN: 0-8054-0101-6 (HB)  

55. Allen P. Ross – Creation & Blessing – A Guide to the Study and Exposition of Genesis – Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 495166287 ISBN 10: 0-8010-2107-3 ISBN 978-0-8010-2107-7 

56. Derek Kidner – Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries - D.J. Wiseman, general Editor – Inter Varsity Press – P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515 U.S.A. U.K. ISBN 0-8511-823-2 (paperback) - U.S.A. ISBN 0-87784-251-5 (paperback) 

57. John H. Walton – With a contribution by N.T. Wright – Genesis 2-3 and the Human Origins Debate – Inter Varsity Press – P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426 ISBN 978-0-83082461-8 (print) ISBN 978-0-8308-9771-1 (digital)

58. John H. Walton – The NIV Application Commentary: Genesis – Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530, ISBN 0-310-20617-0

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   As I noticed before, humankind hadn’t been created immortal but mortal, according to the book of Genesis. We can know that from the biblical declaration according to which God would have created the tree of life necessary for acquiring eternal life. Why would God have created the tree of life if human beings were created immortal from the beginning? There wouldn’t have been any reason for that. If human beings had been created mortal the animals were also mortal and of course the plants were mortal by definition if they were the food of the animals and man. 

If that is so, the assertion advanced by the apostle Paul that death had entered into the world as a consequence of humankind’s disobedience to God is wrong. This is enough reason for the rejection of all theology of classical theism. Death didn’t enter into the world because man didn’t listen to God but He generated mortal human beings. Those human beings could have acceded to eternal life only by eating from the tree of life. After Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God the tree of life has been guarded by the cherubim in order to prevent the human beings from eating from it and living forever. 

“22 Then the LORD God said, ‘See, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil; and now, he might reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life, and eat, and live for/span> ever’ — 23 therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken.” (Genesis 3; 22-23 NRSV)

 

 

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Even after their disobedience to God humankind would have been able to become immortal if only they were allowed to eat from the tree of life, and this is the reason why the tree of life was guarded. The idea that humankind had been created immortal but would have died following its disobedience to God isn’t biblical, it is an invention which justifies a false theology: 

“12 Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death came through sin, and so death spread to all because all have sinned — 13 sin was indeed in the world before the law, but sin is not reckoned when there is no law. 14 Yet death exercised dominion from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sins were not like the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the one who was to come. 15 But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died through the one man’s trespass, much more surely have the grace of God and the free gift in the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded for the many.” (Romans 5; 12-15 NRSV) 

If the many didn’t die through the one man’s trespass, there isn’t any reason for the free gift in the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, to abound for the many. Death, contrary to what Apostle Paul says in the epistle to Romans, would have been in the world before Adam and Eve’s alleged disobedience to God and doesn’t have anything to do with that myth. This assertion questions the principle of grace or free gift of salvation. Human salvation is based on the idea of a free gift which compensates Adam’s alleged sin which would have been transmitted to all human beings. If it looks rather unjust that so many people have to suffer for the alleged Adam’s sin even if they didn’t sin in the same way, this injustice is compensated by the free gift of salvation. Those who are condemned for Adam’s sin are forgiven if they believe in Jesus and in this way the injustice of the transmission of the consequences of Adam’s sin is eradicated. 

Because Adam is only a mythological personage the free gift of salvation doesn’t compensate anything because none can be punished for Adam’s sin. 

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The salvation isn’t a free gift somehow owed by God to humankind but it is a possibility of a human being to improve himself or herself through a personal relation with God and through new birth. If Adam and Eve are a legend, personal faith in God doesn’t have anything to do with the narratives promoting that story. This, of course, has huge theological consequences regarding what we mean by grace of God. 

The assertion from the epistles to the Romans which says: “Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death came through sin…” is false. Even if sin would have come into the world through one man, death didn’t come through sin but had emerged before the apparition of human beings on Earth. According to the book of Genesis, plants were created on the third day and animals on the sixth day before the creation of humankind, hence plants and animals died before the apparition of humankind on Earth. From the scientific point of view, fossils of dead animals which were discovered are millions of years old, hence they are dated before the emergence of first human beings on our planet. 

There are insects which live only few hours, such as some species of mayflies. These types of insects, being created by God, would have died before the creation of humankind and their Fall. Other insects or worms would have died in accidental deaths, being swallowed or crushed by dinosaurs or by other animals. In the waters, large animals such as whales would have swallowed a huge amount of small fish, killing them before the creation of humankind and its disobedience to God. On the land, predators would have started to prey on other animals before the human beings’ Fall, hence death would have been present from the beginning on the entire planet Earth. At the same time, viruses and bacteria which would have provoked fatal illnesses would have taken their toll. The idea that death entered the creation only after Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God is a theological construction with no basis in reality. 

Death didn’t enter into the world through humankind’s sin but through the presence of life on Earth. Where there is life there is also death starting with the simplest micro-organisms. Whoever had created the universe is also responsible for death, and death is destruction, and from this point of view is a necessary evil. It isn’t that death comes from evil but rather evil comes from death. Criminals who kill people as a means to get personal benefits are an evil coming from the existence of death. 

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Even in the context of the book of Genesis, Adam and Eve’s disobedience is connected to the existence of death, without which they couldn’t have been tested by God. Keeping the framework of the legend, death would have existed before human beings’ Fall as a necessary condition for it. 

In a theistic evolution view the evil must be seen as being intrinsic to the process of creation because death is inevitable for evolution. This is the only view in which there isn’t any contradiction between God’s existence and the presence of evil in the world. Evil is a necessary condition of the creation through evolution. It wasn’t the so-called free will of humankind that caused evil in the world because due to lack of knowledge of good and evil, Adam and Eve didn’t have any free will. In the real world, evolution comes as a necessary battle between good and evil inherent in the existence of all beings. 

As a matter of fact, death is an important part of evolution. When a certain individual dies another better individual of the same species, a more adapted one to the conditions of the environment, takes the place of the previous one. Even entire species can disappear completely when all its individuals die and another species takes their place. For example, the death of the dinosaurs generated the premises for the apparition of other more evolved species which finally ended in the apparition of humankind. Death is a natural and necessary thing for the apparition of more evolved species and if God had created the natural world He accepted death and consequently evil as a means for His creation, not as a punishment. God isn’t responsible for the existence of evil because evil comes from death and suffering, but without the existence of death the biological life, at least at a less evolved level, it isn’t possible. 

The existence of death in the universe isn’t the consequence of a moral fault but the effect of the existence of life which necessarily presupposes death. Humankind doesn’t need to be redeemed for their inexistent original sin and death is a natural phenomenon which probably can be overcome in the future through natural means. 

Apostle Paul said that the price for sin is death. Nevertheless, human beings die for eternity not because Adam and Eve sinned but because humankind is mortal. Eternal life seems to be a gift which comes for selected people in a supernatural way. Death is the norm and everlasting life is the exception. 

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The problem in Apostle Paul’s theology is that he maintains that the faith in Jesus is enough for salvation because this is a procedure which compensates Adam’s Fall, which infected all of humankind even if a majority of human beings are not directly responsible for the Fall. With the lack of Adam and Eve’s real Fall, this mechanism for salvation doesn’t work automatically in compensation for the Fall, hence beside faith a spiritual birth is also absolutely necessary for salvation as Jesus said. Faith alone isn’t enough for salvation if it isn’t doubled with a real regeneration because Adam didn’t bring death into the creation and salvation isn’t a free gift which compensates God’s harsh punishment of Adam and Eve. Salvation is a reward for a real transformation of individual lives. Faith without works is dead. (James 2; 17) 

If death doesn’t come as a logical consequence of sin but as a natural thing, immortality is an exception and comes as a gift from God for people who can live without sin. It is about a very new situation unnatural for human beings. “But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died through the one man’s trespass, much more surely have the grace of God and the free gift in the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded for the many.” 

Immortality is possible not because someone believes that the story of Adam and Eve is real, but because someone can attain high spiritual standards. Jesus has come not to reverse what Adam did because Adam never existed on Earth, but to be a model of a personal relationship with God. 

The human beings appeared on Earth through evolution from less evolved beings and rationality constitutes the main difference between us and our previous stages of evolution. The Logos is God and rational existence and consciousness is another level of existence more evolved than the biological type. God is Consciousness and a person is as close to Him as the height of his or her consciousness. To be conscious is the peremptory condition for any kind of improvement because without seeing his or her weaknesses none can fight against them. 

The biological existence is a condition of the existence of human consciousness but the latter achieves a certain independence from the former and sometime is even able to be opposed to the biological support, for example during a fast.

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    The abstinence from food is against the biological laws of the functioning of a human body but is a manifestation of the relative independence of consciousness from its biological support. Religions usually profess a development of the human consciousness against human biological instincts. The Supreme Consciousness is God and He wants to absorb us in His infinite existence. 

To be a spiritual person can also mean to be able to rise above the limited views determined by his or her personal interests and to enter into unity with the universal Consciousness who is a Person and who integrates all consciousness in a harmonious spiritual concert. The biological side doesn’t disappear but it transposes in more elevated attitudes. 

The first human beings when they evolved from other biological beings were as mortal as the entities from which they evolved. Jesus had come to address mortality for people who wanted to be immortal but this is another level of evolution and not a comeback to an alleged original state which would be that of Adam and Eve. After all, eternal life doesn’t mean reaching the level of ignorance of Adam and Eve but a very high level of knowledge. It isn’t the ignorance of the good and evil which is able to save someone but quite the opposite. 

In order for anyone to become immortal he or she must know the difference between good and evil and this observation raises a question about the value of the story of the creation from the book of Genesis. The serpent in the context of the myth had given Adam and Eve the path for reaching the tree of life and that road is precisely the knowledge of the difference between good and evil. In other words, the first 11 chapters from the book of Genesis say something very different from what the official Christian doctrine affirms. Eating from the tree of knowledge would have been a necessary condition in order to attain eternal life because none can live eternally without choosing the good against the evil, therefore without knowing the difference between good and evil. 

If Jesus had come to Earth to show us how to become immortal, and if He has shown us how to discern between good and evil, the logical consequence of that would be that without the knowledge of good and evil given by Him none can be immortal. In point of fact, the way toward immortality in the book of Genesis is a very tortuous one.

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   The rational path wouldn’t have been the one in which the eating from the tree of knowledge would have been avoided, because consuming from that tree would have been a necessary preparation for eternity. 

Because evil comes from death, in their spiritual ignorance people cannot but follow evil found in their mortal nature, and in order to follow the spiritual good every human being has to be born again. (John 3; 3-6) Without the ability to discern the spiritual good from the spiritual evil none can be saved and none can be immortal. In other words, a Christian view implies that eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil would have been a necessary condition for human immortality because choosing good against evil is the emblem of any faithful person.

Being like God means knowing the difference between good and evil and unless someone has this ability to discern between the two, that person isn’t in His likeness. In the book of Genesis achieving the likeness of God by knowing the difference between good and evil wasn’t a good thing because after obtaining the likeness He forbade them to eat from the tree of life. This is contradictory if the knowledge of good and evil is an unavoidable step toward a higher moral standard necessary to attain immortality. In the Bible, the knowledge of good and evil is seen as being sometimes good and sometimes wrong, and this is the sign of a certain inconsistency. 

The idea that obeying God’s command in the Garden of Eden would have meant a shortcut which would have made unnecessary the knowledge of the difference between good and evil is strange. It implies that God would have always replaced the consciousness of humankind and He would have made human beings nothing more than robots. Human beings would have needed Him to tell them what is good and what is evil all the time. Such entitles who would have needed approval for all their actions would have been far from human, in the way that we understand humankind. 

Not being tested through God’s command regarding the prohibition of the fruit of the tree of knowledge, Adam and Eve could have chosen the evil at any time rather than the good, without knowing it. In heaven God needs people able to discern between good and evil therefore the path followed by Adam and Eve was a necessary one. 

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The problem of death before human disobedience to God is an important theological problem and this is acknowledged by the representatives of the classical theism. The following quotation expresses this issue: fossil record, theistic evolutionists believe that many creatures lived, died, and became extinct long before man’s belated arrival. This means that death existed before Adam and his sin.”[1]  

The theistic evolution view is the only one which exonerates God of His responsibility for the existence of evil and that is because He couldn’t create through evolution in another way than He did. As a matter of fact, God didn’t directly create humankind but he had created all the necessary conditions for the apparition of human beings following a long process of evolution. During this very long process God could have intervened in human development particularly through His presence in human history. His main intervention is His presence in the Person of Jesus. 

God didn’t create an ideal world without death and suffering as Apostle Paul understood it, and human beings didn’t spoil that world through their disobedience, but He had created a perfectible world in which evolution isn’t only biological but is also moral. Some people choose to go on this path of increased evolution when they choose to be born again from God and after being preponderant biological beings they become spiritually coordinated human beings. 

The story of Adam and Eve is confusing because it seems to condemn the only way through which someone can be a superior being, and that is the way of the knowledge of good and evil. The path toward eternity goes necessarily through the capability to discern the difference between good and evil, and the biblical texts which condemn that knowledge are nonsensical. 

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